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Specimen Nr. 05B

Specimen:

Cerebellum (Human being)

Staining:

Luxolechtblau-PAS-Hemalaun

Magnification:

200x

Important structures :

1.Myelinated axons in medulla
2.Artifacts
3.Nuclei of granular cells in granular layer
Ausschnitt an der Grenze zwischen Mark und Rinde (Stratum granulosum). Im Mark erkennt man im wesentlichen die längs geschnittenen Axone, ohne die Markscheiden eindeutig abgrenzen zu können. Die wenigen kleinen Zellkerne gehören zu Gliazellen (Oligodendrozyten oder Astrozyten). Im Stratum granulosum sieht man die dicht liegenden Zellkerne der kleinen Nervenzellen (Körnerzellen), die typisch für diese Schicht sind.

Legende:

Myelinated axons in medulla
Artifacts
Nuclei of granular cells in granular layer

Purkinje cell of cerebrum[bu]

1. Dendrites
2. Cell body
3. Axon

Myelin-sheath stains

Weigert iron-hematoxylin stain

Structures Colour
Nuclei black to blue-black
Cytoplasm -
Connective-tissue fibres
    - Collagen
    - Reticular
    - Elastic
-
-
black to blue-black
Myocytes black to blue-black
Erythrocytes black to blue-black

Dyes:

Iron-hematoxylin: is a hematoxylin and stains far more intensively than hemalaun. To be able to stain myelin sheaths with Weigert dye, the lipids in the myelin must be preserved while preparing the specimen. The myelin sheaths turn black to blue-black.
Luxol fast blue: Only the neurokeratin remains in normal paraffin fixation of myelin sheaths. Luxol fast blue has a specific affinity to this lipoprotein and stains the myelin sheaths bright blue.
Osmium tetroxide The specimens must be prepared as frozen sections. Osmium tetroxide is deposited on the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and produces reaction products which make even the thinnest myelin sheaths visible through black stain.
Die großen blauen Flecke im Mark entstehen durch unvollständige Herauslösung von Myelin bei der Verarbeitung des Gewebes. Die Axone im Mark sind entweder afferenter oder efferenter Natur (Überlege, wo jeweils die Zellkörper liegen könnten, von denen sie ausgehen!).

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Magnification:

2x

Magnification:

200x

Magnification:

200x

Magnification:

200x

Magnifications
Myelinated axons in medulla
Artifacts
Artifacts
Nuclei of granular cells in granular layer

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!

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