Specimen Nr. 06D

Specimen:

Fingertip (Human being)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

202x

Important structures :

1.	Cells of the Stratum basale
2.	Cells of the Stratum spinosum
3.	Cells of the granular layer with distinct keratohyaline granules
4.	Uppermost cells of the Stratum granulosum with strongly stained plates of keratohyaline
5.	Stratum corneum
6.	Slice of a connective tissue papilla of the papillary dermis

Drei Zellschichten der Epidermis können bei dieser Vergrößerung gut unterschieden werden: Die Zellen des Stratum basale liegen auf der Basalmembran, darüber folgen die Zellen des Stratum spinosum und das Stratum granulosum, die die dunkel gefärbten Keratohyalingranula enthalten.

Legende:

	Cells of the Stratum basale
	Cells of the Stratum spinosum
	Cells of the granular layer with distinct keratohyaline granules
	Uppermost cells of the Stratum granulosum with strongly stained plates of keratohyaline
	Stratum corneum
	Slice of a connective tissue papilla of the papillary dermis

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Die Grenze zwischen Dermis und Epidermis ist so gebaut, daß die Gefahr der Trennung beider Schichten durch Scherkräfte verringert wird.

Auf dreierlei Weise sind diese zwei Schichten verbunden:

Die basale Zellmembran einzelner Zellen des Stratum basale und die darunter gelegene Basalmembran verlaufen geschlängelt.
Zapfen des Stratum papillare der Dermis ragen in die Epidermis hinein, was als Papillarkörper bezeichnet wird.
Von den Basalzellen der Epidermis gehen "Füßchen" aus, die über Hemidesmosomen mit der Basalmembran verankert sind.

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

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Help: Instructions for Use appear
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VM: provides virtual microscopy

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