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Specimen Nr. 02

Specimen:

Palatine tonsil (Human being)

Staining:

Immunehistochemical peroxidase technique, nucleus stained with hemalaun

Magnification:

250x

Important structures :

1.Crypts
2.Loose reticular desquamated epithelium of crypts with lymphocytes
3.M cells
4.Basement membrane
5.Secondary lymphoid follicle with germinal centre
6.Vimentin-positive reticulocytes
In den Krypten der Gaumenmandel (Tonsilla palatina) lockert sich das mehrschichtig unverhornte Plattenepithel der Mundhöhle auf. Mit einem Antikörper, der gegen Vimentin gerichtet ist, sind immunhistochemisch in braun viele M-Zellen im netzartig aufgelockerten Epithel dargestellt. Außerdem enthält das Epithel Lymphozyten und Makrophagen. Auf diese Weise wird der Kontakt zwischen Antigenen und Immunzellen erleichtert.

Legende:

Crypts
Loose reticular desquamated epithelium of crypts with lymphocytes
M cells
Basement membrane
Secondary lymphoid follicle with germinal centre
Vimentin-positive reticulocytes

Palatine tonsil[bu]

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Lymphoid tissue
3. Lymphatic nodule with germinal centre
4. Mucous salivary glands
5. Capsule of connective tissue

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures Colour
Nuclei blue
Cytoplasm pale red
Connective-tissue fibres
- Collagen
- Reticular
- Elastic
red
-
pale rose to red
Muscle tissue red
Erythrocytes red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin (e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.
Eosin Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot
Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.
Die M-Zellen nehmen Antigene aus dem Kryptenlumen auf und reichen sie an B-Lymphozyten und Makrophagen weiter, die von ihnen umschlossen werden. Beide Zelltypen sind als Antigen-präsentierende Zellen in der Lage, das Antigen T-Lymphozyten zu präsentieren und damit eine Immunantwort auszulösen.
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Crypts
Loose reticular desquamated epithelium of crypts with lymphocytes
M cells
M cells
Basement membrane
Basement membrane
Secondary lymphoid follicle with germinal centre
Vimentin-positive reticulocytes

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

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