Specimen Nr. 01C

Specimen:

Oesophagus (Human being)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

32x

Important structures :

1.	Mucous membrane
2.	Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epithelial layer of mucosa)
3.	Lamina propria of mucosa
4.	Connective tissue papilla of lamina propria protruding into epithelium
5.	Columnar cells on basement membrane of stratified epithelium
6.	Lymphoid follicle

Dieser Ausschnitt der Wand der Speiseröhre zeigt die Lamina epithelialis und die Lamina propria der Tunica mucosa. Beim mehrschichtigen unverhornten Plattenepithel der Lamina epithelialis liegen zahlreiche Zellen dicht übereinander, so daß Schichten entstehen. Die Gestalt der Zellen ändert sich von den unteren Schichten zu den oberen. Die unterste, der Basalmembran aufsitzende Schicht, besteht aus kubischen bis zylindrischen Zellen mit intensiv violett angefärbten Kernen. Die darüberliegenden größeren polyedrischen Zellen erscheinen heller. Zur Oberfläche hin flachen sie immer mehr ab. Basal ragen Bindegewebspapillen aus der Lamina propria in das Epithel, so daß beide Schichten eng verzapft werden. In der Lamina propria sind hier, neben lockerem faserigem Bindegewebe mit zahlreichen Fibrozyten, Lymph- und Blutkapillaren, auch Lymphfollikel zu sehen.

Legende:

	Mucous membrane
	Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epithelial layer of mucosa)
	Lamina propria of mucosa
	Connective tissue papilla of lamina propria protruding into epithelium
	Columnar cells on basement membrane of stratified epithelium
	Lymphoid follicle

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Die Muskulatur der Speiseröhre besteht im oberen Drittel aus quergestreifter Skelettmuskulatur, dann folgt eine Zone, in der Skelettmuskulatur in glatte Muskulatur übergeht. Das untere Drittel besteht ausschließlich aus glatter Muskulatur mit einer inneren Ringmuskelschicht (Stratum circulare) und einer äußeren Längsmuskelschicht (Stratum longitudinale). Die Adventitia, locker angeordnetes kollagenfaseriges Bindegewebe mit elastischen Anteilen, dient dem Einbau des Ösophagus in seine Umgebung.

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

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