Specimen Nr. 04A

Specimen:

Blood smear (Human being)

Staining:

Pappenheim

Magnification:

128x

Important structures :

1.Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte
2.Erythrocytes
3.Lymphocyte
4.Thrombocytes
5.Eosinophilic granulocyte
6.Basophilic granulocyte
7.Monocyte
Segmentkernige neutrophile Granulozyten stellen die reife Zellform dar. Es finden sich 3-5 Segmente, die durch feinste Chromatinfäden miteinander verbunden sind. Das Zytoplasma ist blaß und schwach eosinophil, die neutrophilen Azurgranula sehr zart und leicht violett angefärbt. Ein Nucleolus fehlt.
Der Zellkern des eosinophilen Granulozyten besteht aus zwei rundlichen Segmenten, der des basophilen Granulozyten ist so groß, daß er den Zelleib weitgehend ausfüllt.

Legende:

Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte
Erythrocytes
Lymphocyte
Thrombocytes
Eosinophilic granulocyte
Basophilic granulocyte
Monocyte

Simplified scheme of origin of blood cells[gu]

1. Haematopoietic stem cell
2. Neutrophilic granulocyte
3. Eosinophilic granulocyte
4. Basophilic granulocyte
5. Erythrocyte
6. Megakaryocyte
7. Lymphocyte
8. Plasma cell
9. Monocyte
10. Macrophages

Pappenheim stain

Pappenheim stain is a combination of May-Grünwald and Giemsa stains. They are the stains generally used for blood smears.

Structures Colour
Nuclei reddish-violet
Neutrophilic granules bluish-pink to brownish
Eosinophilic granules brick-red to brown-orange
Basophilic granules dark blue-violet
Lymphocytic cytoplasm light blue
Monocytic cytoplasm light blue
Erythrocytes pink
Thrombocytes blue with red-violet internal bodies

Dyes:

The May-Grünwald stain contains the dyes eosin and methylene blue.
The Giemsa stain contains the dyes eosin, methylene blue, methylene azure and methylene violet.

Neutrophile Granulozyten sind die wichtigsten Träger des unspezifischen Abwehrsystems des Blutes. Sie sind in der Lage, verschiedenste Arten von Mikroorganismen sowie Zelltrümmer zu phagozytieren. Zu Beginn akuter Infektionen nimmt ihre Zahl im Blut besonders rasch zu.
Die neutrophilen Granulozyten verfügen über eine große amöboide Beweglichkeit und die Fähigkeit zur Diapedese, d.h. sie können, angelockt durch Leukotaxine, aus den Blutgefäßen ins Gewebe einwandern. Aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit, Bakterien und abgestorbene Zellen zu phagozytieren und mittels lysosomaler Enzyme abzubauen, werden sie auch Mikrophagen genannt.
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Magnification:

128x

Magnification:

320x

Magnification:

320x

Magnification:

320x

Magnifications
Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte
Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte
Erythrocytes
Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte
Thrombocytes
Eosinophilic granulocyte
Basophilic granulocyte
Monocyte

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

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Help: Instructions for Use appear
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