Specimen Nr. 07B

Specimen:

Ureter (Human being)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

81x

Important structures :

1.	Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
2.	Superficial cells with characteristic luminar plasma membrane (transitional epithelium)
3.	Basal urothelial cells
4.	Intermediate cells of the urothelium
5.	Covering cell with two nuclei
6.	Fibrocytes of the lamina propria

Der Ausschnitt der Harnleiterwand zeigt das 5-6 Zellschichten starke Übergangsepithel oder Urothel in kontrahiertem Zustand. Gestalt und Anfärbbarkeit der Zellen sind verschieden, je nachdem, ob sie in basalen, intermediären oder oberflächlichen Schichten liegen. Die an das Lumen grenzenden Zellen werden Deckzellen genannt. Auf Grund ihrer Größe deckt jede dieser Zellen mehrere unter ihr liegende Zellen ab. Gelegentlich enthalten sie zwei Zellkerne und weisen eine stärker angefärbte apikale Zytoplasmaverdichtung (Crusta) auf. Unter dem Übergangsepithel dehnt sich das zell- und gefäßreiche Bindegewebe der Lamina propria aus.

Legende:

	Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
	Superficial cells with characteristic luminar plasma membrane (transitional epithelium)
	Basal urothelial cells
	Intermediate cells of the urothelium
	Covering cell with two nuclei
	Fibrocytes of the lamina propria

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Wandaufbau des Ureter:

Tunica mucosa
1. Urothel
2. Lamina propria mucosae
  (lockeres Bindegewebe mit Kapillaren und feinen Nervenästen)
Tunica muscularis
Die Muskelschicht besteht aus glatter Muskulatur und betreibt die Peristaltik, mit der der Harn in die Harnblase befördert wird.
1. Stratum longitudinale internum
2. Stratum circulare
3. Stratum longitudinale externum
Tunica adventitia
(lockeres Bindegewebe mit Nerven- sowie Blutversorgung)

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

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