| 1. | Superficial cells with characteristic luminar plasma membrane (transitional epithelium) |
| 2. | Covering cell with two nuclei |
| 3. | Intermediate cells |
| 4. | Lymphocyte |
| 5. | Staining artifact |
 | Superficial cells with characteristic luminar plasma membrane (transitional epithelium) |
 | Covering cell with two nuclei |
 | Intermediate cells |
 | Lymphocyte |
 | Staining artifact |
|
H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.
| Structures | Colour |
| Nuclei | blue |
| Cytoplasm | pale red |
| Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic |
red - pale rose to red |
| Muscle tissue | red |
| Erythrocytes | red-orange |
| Hematoxylin | (e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin) Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage. Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun. |
| Eosin | Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic). |
Thiazinrot |
Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin. |
Funktion des Urothels:
Das Urothel (Übergangsepithel) bildet ein besonderes Deckepithel für die ableitenden Harnwege wie Nierenbecken, Harnleiter, Harnblase, Anfangsteil der Harnröhre. Dieses Epithel kann sich den verschiedenen Füllungszuständen der Blase anpassen, indem es beim Übergang von der leeren zur vollen Blase seine Schichten scheinbar reduziert. Bei Füllung der Blase dehnt es sich, wobei die Faltenwürfe des Epithels verstreichen. Die großen Deckzellen mit den polyploiden Kernen, die das Charakteristikum des Urothels bilden, schützen die ableitenden Harnwege vor den toxischen Substanzen, die auf diesem Weg vom Körper ausgeschieden werden. Diesen Schutz verstärkt eine Zytoplasmaverdichtung der Deckzellen am apikalen Pol, die sogenannte Crusta.
Magnification:
13x
Magnification:
81x
Magnification:
202x
1. Organization of the screen surface
Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)
2.Histologic specimen
Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.
3. Complementary information
Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated
4. General Program Functions
Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy
We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!